Septic tanks are an essential part of a functioning septic system that treats wastewater from homes that are not connected to a centralized sewer system. These tanks are typically made of durable materials such as concrete or fiberglass to withstand the constant flow of waste and the pressure exerted on them. However, it is crucial to understand whether pressure can cause a septic tank to crack, compromising its effectiveness and potentially causing costly damage.
Understanding Septic Tanks:
Before delving into whether pressure can crack a septic tank, it is important to understand how these tanks work and the types of pressure they typically encounter. A septic tank receives wastewater from a home’s plumbing system, allowing solids to settle at the bottom of the tank while oils and greases float to the top, forming a scum layer. Between these layers lies a liquid effluent, which is discharged into the drain field for further treatment.
Types of Pressure on Septic Tanks:
Septic tanks generally experience two types of pressure: internal and external.
1. Internal Pressure:
Internal pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the wastewater inside the septic tank. As the tank fills with wastewater, the levels rise, creating internal pressure. However, septic tanks are specifically designed to withstand this pressure, and their construction materials are chosen accordingly. While the internal pressure can increase temporarily during periods of heavy water usage, such as hosting a large event or multiple consecutive days of excessive water consumption, it is unlikely to cause a septic tank to crack.
2. External Pressure:
External pressure, on the other hand, refers to the pressure exerted on the septic tank from the outside. There are various scenarios that could cause external pressure on a septic tank, such as:
a) Heavy Machinery or Vehicles: If heavy machinery or vehicles are repeatedly driven or parked on top of a septic tank, they can exert significant pressure on the tank. This excessive weight can potentially lead to cracks or structural damage.
b) Tree Roots: Tree roots have the potential to grow into septic tank structures, causing damage and applying pressure. As roots expand, they may exert force on the tank walls, leading to cracks and leaks.
c) Soil Movement: In areas with unstable soil, movement or shifting of the ground can put pressure on a septic tank. This movement may occur due to factors such as erosion, changes in water table levels, or seismic activity. Over time, this constant pressure can compromise the structural integrity of the tank.
Effects of Cracked Septic Tanks:
If a septic tank develops cracks due to pressure or any other reason, several negative consequences may arise:
- Leakage and Contamination: Cracks will allow wastewater to leak out of the septic tank, leading to the contamination of the surrounding soil and groundwater. This poses a significant health risk and can pollute nearby water sources.
- Septic System Failure: Cracked septic tanks may disrupt the proper functioning of the entire septic system, hindering the treatment process. This can result in backups, foul odors, and the need for costly repairs or replacement.
- Environmental Impact: When wastewater is not treated adequately due to septic tank failure, it can contribute to the pollution of rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water, damaging aquatic ecosystems and harming wildlife.
Prevention and Maintenance:
To prevent septic tanks from cracking due to pressure or other factors, it is crucial to take proper preventative measures and conduct regular maintenance:
- Maintain Proper Weight Distribution: Avoid parking heavy vehicles or placing heavy machinery on top of septic tanks. Instead, ensure proper weight distribution by placing a concrete pad or cover over the tank, preventing excessive pressure.
- Plant Trees Away from Septic Tanks: When planting trees near septic tanks, choose species with non-invasive root systems. Ensure the trees are planted at a safe distance from the tank to prevent roots from reaching and damaging the structure.
- Regular Inspections: Schedule regular inspections with a professional septic service provider. They can identify any signs of pressure or damage to the tank and address them promptly. Regular pumping of the septic tank is also essential to prevent excessive strain and pressure buildup.
While internal pressure from wastewater is unlikely to crack a septic tank, external pressure from heavy machinery, tree roots, or soil movement can pose a significant risk. Cracked septic tanks can lead to leaks, contamination, system failure, and environmental damage. By taking preventative measures and conducting regular maintenance, homeowners can ensure the long-lasting functionality of their septic tanks and minimize the risks associated with pressure-induced cracking.